Heffernan, P. (1991). French second language teacher education and continuing professional development in Canada: The roles of smaller universities and related institutions. The Canadian Modern Language Review 47, 843-860.

Teacher shortages in French language instruction areas, both core French and French immersion, combined with rationalization of programs, staffing and financial support among Alberta's tertiary education language teacher preparation and continuing professional development, are discussed by the author. Suggestions are made, in particular, as to how a smaller university can better fulfill its mandate for French teacher preparation and continuing professional development.