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Conditional perfect and pluperfect subjunctive (contrary-to-fact statements)

If your Spanish teacher were to ask you, “Which foreign language would you have studied if you hadn't taken Spanish?” how would you respond?  If you wanted to impress your teacher, you would raise your hand and say Habría estudiado portugués si no hubiera tomado español  'I would have studied Portuguese if I hadn't taken Spanish,' for example.  The conditional perfect and the pluperfect subjunctive are precisely the tenses needed to express what you would have done under certain circumstances. 

Using the conditional perfect and the pluperfect subjunctive in sync

Learning as a chunk