This site has been developed by Noriko Ishihara and edited by Anne Fretheim under the direction of Professor Andrew Cohen with support from the Digital Media Center at the University of Minnesota.

Apologies | Complaints | Compliments | Refusals | Requests | Thanking

Refusals

Structure of Refusals
Examples and explanations of how refusals are structured.

Refusals by Language
Examples and explanations of refusals in the following languages:

American English
Arabic
British English
Chinese
German
Japanese
Spanish

Teaching Tips
Tips for teachers of refusals.

References for Refusals
A list of references used for this section.

Bibliography
A full annotated bibliography on refusals.

Please send all comments and/or contributions to Noriko Ishihara at ishi0029@umn.edu.